SMOS与Aquarius卫星海表盐度测量方法及数据的对比分析

国际上发射的海表盐度遥感卫星主要有2颗:欧洲的SMOS和美国的Aquarius卫星,为给后续海表盐度遥感提供参考借鉴,对比分析了这2颗卫星的遥感器载荷、数据处理算法和盐度数据。遥感器载荷方面,SMOS采用L波段二维综合孔径辐射计,而Aquarius采用L波段实孔径辐射计加散射计;数据处理算法方面,分析了二者在介电常数模型、海面粗糙度校正以及反演算法方面的差异;盐度数据方面,分析了SMOS与Aquarius盐度数据之间的相关程度,并分别与ISAS(In Situ Analysis System)浮标盐度数据作对比,分析了2颗卫星的盐度数据精度。将2颗卫星的盐度遥感数据与ISAS浮标盐度数据对比发现,在全球范围内,Aquarius盐度测量精度优于SMOS;但在开阔海域,SMOS盐度测量精度优于Aquarius;而在近海岸区域,均出现较大的误差,且SMOS数据误差更大。     

Bayesian coronal seismology

In contrast to the situation in a laboratory, the study of the solar atmosphere has to be pursued without direct access to the physical conditions of interest. Information is therefore incomplete and uncertain and inference methods need to be employed to diagnose the physical conditions and processes. One of such methods, solar atmospheric seismology, makes use of observed and theoretically predicted properties of waves to infer plasma and magnetic field properties. A recent development in solar atmospheric seismology consists in the use of inversion and model comparison methods based on Bayesian analysis. In this paper, the philosophy and methodology of Bayesian analysis are first explained. Then, we provide an account of what has been achieved so far from the application of these techniques to solar atmospheric seismology and a prospect of possible future extensions.     

基于轨道角动量的电磁涡旋SAR成像新方法

为研究电磁涡旋波在合成孔径雷达(SAR)领域的应用潜力,验证电磁涡旋SAR成像的可行性,将电磁涡旋与合成孔径雷达模型结合,通过使用单一模式的轨道角动量,用合成孔径原理实现方位聚焦。给出了基于电磁涡旋的SAR几何模型和回波信号模型,并提出了适用于电磁涡旋SAR的改进chirp-scaling(CS)成像算法。通过点目标仿真分析,验证了所提成像算法的有效性。该方法可为SAR系统新体制设计及雷达的研究提供参考。     

L-band nighttime scintillations at the northern edge of the EIA along 95°E during the ascending half of the solar cycle 24

The characteristics of nighttime ionospheric scintillations measured at the L-band frequency of 1.575 GHz over Dibrugarh (27.5°N, 95°E, MLAT ～ 17°N, 43° dip) during the ascending half of the solar cycle 24 from 2010 to 2014 have been investigated and the results are presented in this paper. The measurement location is within or outside the zone of influence of the equatorial ionization anomaly depending on solar and geomagnetic activity. Maximum scintillation is observed in the equinoxes irrespective of solar activity with clear asymmetry between March and September. The occurrence frequency in the solstices shifts from minimum in the June solstice in low solar activity to a minimum in the December solstice in high solar activity years. A significant positive correlation of occurrence of scintillations in the June solstice with solar activity has been observed. However, earlier reports from the Indian zone (～75°E) indicate negative or no correlation of scintillation in June solstice with solar activity. Scintillations activity/occurrence in solstices indicates a clear positive correlation with Es recorded simultaneously by a collocated Ionosonde. In equinoxes, maximum scintillations occur in the pre-midnight hours while in solstices the occurrence frequency peaks just after sunset. The incidence of strong scintillations (S₄ ≥ 0.4) increases with increase in solar activity. Strong (S₄ ≥ 0.4) ionospheric scintillations accompanied by TEC depletions in the pre-midnight period is attributed to equatorial irregularities whereas the dusk period scintillations are related to the sporadic-E activity. Present results thus indicate that the current location at the northern edge of the EIA behaves as low as well as mid-latitude location.     

eLoran系统ASF网格应用算法研究

ASF网格是提高增强型罗兰（Enhanced Long Range Navigation，eLoran）系统精度的重要方法。根据所在网格四个顶点的附加二次时延（Added Secondary Factor，ASF）值通过网格应用算法得到待测试点的ASF值，一定程度上比公式计算的ASF值更准确。在计算过程中，用户四个顶点ASF值的测量误差会传递给用户，同时内插算法本身也会引入误差，此时内插算法的选择尤为重要。本文通过仿真、分析比较几种常用的内插算法，得出结论：反距离插值算法引入的误差最大，双线应插值算法引入的误差最小，而且误差呈现一定层次感，网格从内到外误差逐渐减小。     

Early analysis of precise orbit and clock offset determination for the satellites of the global BeiDou-3 system

Eight new-generation BeiDou satellites (BeiDou-3) have been launched into Medium Earth Orbit (MEO), allowing for global coverage since March 2018, and they are equipped with new hydrogen atomic clocks and updated rubidium clocks. Firstly, we analyzed the signals for the carrier-to-noise-density ratio (C/N0) and pseudorange multipath (MP) by using international GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) Monitoring and Assessment System (iGMAS) station data, and found that B1C has a lower C/N0, and B2a has the same level of C/N0 as the B1I and B3I signals. For pseudorange multipath, compared with the BeiDou-2 satellites, the obvious systematic variation of MP scatters related to the elevation angle is greatly improved for the BeiDou-3 and BeiDou-3e satellites signals. For the signals of the BeiDou-3 satellites, the order of the Root Mean Square (RMS) values of multipath and noise is B3I?<?B1I?<?B2a?<?B1C. Then, the comparison of the precise orbit determination and clock offset determination for the BeiDou-2, BeiDou-3, and BeiDou-3 experimental (BeiDou-3e) satellites was done by using 10 stations from iGMAS. The 3D precision of the 24?h orbit overlap is 24.55, 25.61, and 23.35?cm for the BeiDou-3, BeiDou-3e, and BeiDou-2 satellites, respectively. BeiDou-3 satellite has a comparable precision to that of the BeiDou-2 satellite. For the precision of clock offset estimation, the Standard Deviation (STD) of the BeiDou-3 MEO satellite is 0.350?ns, which is an improvement of 0.042?ns over that of the BeiDou-2 MEO satellite. The stabilities of the BeiDou-3 and BeiDou-3e onboard clocks are better than those of BeiDou-2 by factors of 2.84 and 1.61 at an averaging time of 1000 and 10,000?s, respectively.     

基于NB-IoT技术和GA-BP神经网络的车位预测系统

围绕有效整合城市停车资源,提高现有车位存量利用率的需求,构建了一种基于NB-IoT技术的车位预测系统。该系统采用NB-IoT技术进行信息采集与传输实现车位信息的共享;考虑到车位状态信息实时变化的特性,用历史车位占用数据来建立车位预测模型,推测出未来短时内车位变化趋势。为了提高车位预测的精度,采用遗传算法(Genetic algorithm,GA)优化反向传播(Back propagtion,BP)神经网络建立GA-BP神经网络车位预测模型。以某地下停车场历史数据为例进行仿真实验,研究结果表明:车位预测模型预测值与实际值相近且趋势保持一致,能够有效准确的预测车位状态变化,具有较高的精度。     

GNSS观测数据ZTD建模的质量控制方法

针对目前基于GNSS观测数据的对流层天顶总延迟(ZTD)模型缺乏有效质量控制手段的现状,提出了一套综合考虑数据量、网格分辨率以及模型稳定性的ZTD建模质量控制方法,并采用内华达大地测量实验室(NGL)解算的高空间分辨率GNSS对流层数据,选取了近十年德国及周边区域[47°N-55°N,5°E-15°E]183个测站的实测ZTD,对该方法进行了校验。实验结果表明:在该质量控制方法下建立的新模型精度稳定,平均均方根误差(RMS)为3.4 cm,相对于UNB3m、EGNOS、GPT2w+Saas平均改善了42.4%、35.8%、33.3%。本文提出的质量控制方法有效提升了基于GNSS观测数据的ZTD模型的性能,对于ZTD建模研究具有一定的参考价值。     

基于GaN HEMT和平面变压器的高效率谐振DC/DC变换器

为了提高航天领域高压直流母线DC/DC变换器的效率性能和功率密度,基于氮化镓器件和谐振变换器拓扑,研究矩阵变压器和平面磁元件的优化方法,提出了一种包含等效半匝绕组的变压器绕组结构,实现了多个并联副边绕组间以及多个并联整流器件间的均流,降低了损耗,提高了低压大电流输出时的效率。此外,还研究了模块的并联均流方法,搭建了270 V转28 V、1.2 kW输出的模块单体样机和2.4 kW的多模块并联样机,验证了所提出方法的可行性。     

翼型低雷诺数层流分离现象随雷诺数的演化特征

层流分离现象是翼型低雷诺数条件下出现的典型流场特征。层流分离流动中包含流动分离、转捩、再附等非定常流动结构，层流分离流动的形成与演化会对翼型气动特性产生恶化作用。采用大涡模拟（LES）方法对低雷诺数范围内不同雷诺数下的翼型层流分离流动开展精细数值模拟，研究了雷诺数对翼型气动特性的影响规律及作用机理。LES方法采用隐式亚格子模型，基于结构化拼接网格，对流项离散和时间推进方法分别采用AUSM⁺格式以及双时间步方法。验证算例计算结果表明数值模拟方法的正确性及可靠性，雷诺数对翼型气动特性具有显著影响。随雷诺数降低，时均分离泡外形增大、位置后移，平均阻力系数增大，特别是在较低雷诺数下，翼型升阻力系数随时间出现振荡现象。进一步研究表明，造成不同时均分离泡形态和气动特性的原因在于翼型上表面分离剪切层的失稳与转捩特征。随雷诺数降低，流动黏性增大，导致分离剪切层速度梯度减小，流动发生转捩及再附位置后移，直至翼型表面不再发生转捩和再附。